Cilomilast Modulates Rhinovirus-Induced Airway Epithelial ICAM-1 Expression and IL-6, CXCL8 and CCL5 Production.

Cilomilast, a phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) selective inhibitor, has anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo and reduces COPD exacerbations. We tested the hypothesis that cilomilast inhibits virus-induced airway epithelial intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression and inflammatory cytokine/chemoattractants, IL-6, CXCL8, and CCL5 production in vitro. BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells were incubated with 0.

Altered immunophenotypic expression in the peripheral bladder cancer immune landscape.

Treatments targeting the immune system only benefit a subset of patients with bladder cancer (BC). Biomarkers predictive of BC progression and response to specific therapeutic interventions are required. We evaluated whether peripheral blood immune subsets and expression of clinically relevant immune checkpoint markers are associated with clinicopathologic features of BC.

GelMA, Click-Chemistry Gelatin and Bioprinted Polyethylene Glycol-Based Hydrogels as 3D Ex Vivo Drug Testing Platforms for Patient-Derived Breast Cancer Organoids.

3D organoid model technologies have led to the development of innovative tools for cancer precision medicine. Yet, the gold standard culture system (Matrigel®) lacks the ability for extensive biophysical manipulation needed to model various cancer microenvironments and has inherent batch-to-batch variability. Tunable hydrogel matrices provide enhanced capability for drug testing in breast cancer (BCa), by better mimicking key physicochemical characteristics of this disease’s extracellular matrix.

Modelling the tumor immune microenvironment for precision immunotherapy.

The complexity of the cellular and acellular players within the tumor microenvironment (TME) allows for significant variation in TME constitution and role in anticancer treatment response. Spatial alterations in populations of tumor cells and adjacent non-malignant cells, including endothelial cells, fibroblasts and tissue-infiltrating immune cells, often have a major role in determining disease progression and treatment response in cancer. Many current standard systemic antineoplastic treatments target the cancer cells and could be further refined to directly target commonly dysregulated cell populations of the TME.