Adaptive Autonomic and Neuroplastic Control in Diabetic Neuropathy: A Narrative Review.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a worldwide socioeconomic burden, and is accompanied by a variety of metabolic disorders, as well as nerve dysfunction referred to as diabetic neuropathy (DN). Despite a tremendous body of research, the pathogenesis of DN remains largely elusive. Currently, two schools of thought exist regarding the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy: a) mitochondrial-induced toxicity, and b) microvascular damage.

COVID-19 contact-tracing smartphone application usage-The New Zealand COVID Tracer experience.

Contact tracing has been a central pillar of the nonpharmaceutical health system response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Countries around the world have devoted unprecedented levels of resources to build up their testing and tracing capabilities, including the development and deployment of smartphone-based applications. Yet despite these nontrivial investments, the body of academic literature evaluating the effects of the smartphone-based applications remains scant and many apps have not delivered the promised benefits (Bano et al.

Harnessing artificial intelligence (AI) to increase wellbeing for all: The case for a new technology diplomacy.

The field of artificial intelligence (AI) is experiencing a period of intense progress due to the consolidation of several key technological enablers. AI is already deployed widely and has a high impact on work and daily life activities. The continuation of this process will likely contribute to deep economic and social changes.

Pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and safety of revefenacin (TD-4208), a long-acting muscarinic antagonist, in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): Results of two randomized, double-blind, phase 2 studies.

Background: Revefenacin (TD-4208) is a potent, lung-selective, long-acting muscarinic antagonist currently in development as a once-daily nebulized therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We evaluated the pharmacodynamics (bronchodilator activity), pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety of single- and multiple-dose administrations of revefenacin in two clinical trials (Study 0059 and Study 0091) in patients with moderate to severe COPD.

Methods: In Study 0059, 32 patients were randomized to receive a single dose of revefenacin (350 or 700 μg), active control ipratropium (500 μg) or placebo inhalation solution administered via standard jet nebulizer in a double-blind, crossover fashion.

TD-1792 versus vancomycin for treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections.

TD-1792 is a first-in-class glycopeptide-cephalosporin heterodimer that exhibits bactericidal activity against Gram-positive pathogens. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, active-control, phase II trial in patients with complicated skin and skin structure infections caused by suspected or confirmed Gram-positive organisms. Patients 18 to 65 years old were randomized to receive 7 to 14 days of either TD-1792 (2 mg/kg of body weight intravenously [i.