[Incidentally discovered ectopic tissue in the central neck region (level VI) of the neck - A case series, retrospective analysis and literature review].

The thymus derives from the third branchial pouch, which migrates to the mediastinum through the central region of the neck. During the migration, particles split off and develop separately. The prevalence of ectopic thymus is 20-40%.

Learning interpretable collective variables for spreading processes on networks.

Collective variables (CVs) are low-dimensional projections of high-dimensional system states. They are used to gain insights into complex emergent dynamical behaviors of processes on networks. The relation between CVs and network measures is not well understood and its derivation typically requires detailed knowledge of both the dynamical system and the network topology.

Large-scale flow in a cubic Rayleigh-Bénard cell: long-term turbulence statistics and Markovianity of macrostate transitions.

We investigate the large-scale circulation (LSC) in a turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection flow in a cubic closed convection cell by means of direct numerical simulations at a Rayleigh number  = 10. The numerical studies are conducted for single flow trajectories up to 10 convective free-fall times to obtain a sufficient sampling of the four discrete LSC states, which can be summarized to one macrostate, and the two crossover configurations which are taken by the flow in between for short periods. We find that large-scale dynamics depends strongly on the Prandtl number of the fluid which has values of 0.

Transition paths of marine debris and the stability of the garbage patches.

We used transition path theory (TPT) to infer "reactive" pathways of floating marine debris trajectories. The TPT analysis was applied on a pollution-aware time-homogeneous Markov chain model constructed from trajectories produced by satellite-tracked undrogued buoys from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Global Drifter Program. The latter involved coping with the openness of the system in physical space, which further required an adaptation of the standard TPT setting.

Spectral Properties of Effective Dynamics from Conditional Expectations.

The reduction of high-dimensional systems to effective models on a smaller set of variables is an essential task in many areas of science. For stochastic dynamics governed by diffusion processes, a general procedure to find effective equations is the conditioning approach. In this paper, we are interested in the spectrum of the generator of the resulting effective dynamics, and how it compares to the spectrum of the full generator.