Slow progression of pediatric HIV associates with early CD8+ T cell PD-1 expression and a stem-like phenotype.

HIV nonprogression despite persistent viremia is rare among adults who are naive to antiretroviral therapy (ART) but relatively common among ART-naive children. Previous studies indicate that ART-naive pediatric slow progressors (PSPs) adopt immune evasion strategies similar to those described in natural hosts of SIV. However, the mechanisms underlying this immunophenotype are not well understood.

Diversity and predicted functional roles of cultivable bacteria in vermicompost: bioprospecting for potential inoculum.

Vermicompost (VC) harbours diverse microbes, including plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPM) that are beneficial for sustainable crop production. Hence, this study aimed to analyse bacterial diversity of VC samples as a first high-throughput screening step towards subsequent targeted isolation of potential bacterial inoculum candidates. To achieve this, bacterial communities in VC collected from five production farms were enriched in nutrient-rich media before high-throughput sequence (HTS) analysis of the partial 16S rRNA gene.

Two Distinct Mechanisms Leading to Loss of Virological Control in the Rare Group of Antiretroviral Therapy-Naive, Transiently Aviremic Children Living with HIV.

HIV-specific CD8 T cells play a central role in immune control of adult HIV, but their contribution in pediatric infection is less well characterized. Previously, we identified a group of ART-naive children with persistently undetectable plasma viremia, termed "elite controllers," and a second group who achieved aviremia only transiently. To investigate the mechanisms of failure to maintain aviremia, we characterized in three transient aviremic individuals (TAs), each of whom expressed the disease-protective HLA-B*81:01, longitudinal HIV-specific T-cell activity, and viral sequences.

Invited review: Probiotic yogurt quality criteria, regulatory framework, clinical evidence, and analytical aspects.

Yogurt is a milk-based product manufactured by lactic acid fermentation enabled by symbiotic yogurt cultures. Yogurt is largely considered to be a health product, and it is employed to deliver probiotics and prebiotics to the consumer. However, not all yogurts are probiotic, neither are they all functional products.