Zero-Fluoroscopy Ablation of Accessory Pathways in Children and Adolescents: CARTO3 Electroanatomic Mapping Combined with RF and Cryoenergy.

Background: Fluoroscopic catheter ablation of cardiac arrhythmias in pediatric patients exposes the patients to the potential risk of radiation considering the sensitivity of this population and its longer life expectancy. We evaluated the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of accessory pathway (AP) ablation guided by CARTO3 electroanatomic mapping (EAM) system with both cryoenergy and radiofrequency (RF) energy in order to avoid x-ray exposure in pediatric patients.

Methods: We included 44 patients (mean age: 13.