Ulnar Collateral Ligament Tears: Rehabilitation and Throwing Programs.

The incidence of ulnar collateral ligament injuries has increased over the past decade. As a result, the rate of ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction has increased dramatically at all levels of competition in overhead athletes. Currently, there is no consensus on milestones during rehabilitation or a largely agreed-upon structured throwing program after ulnar collateral ligament injuries.

Medial Ulnar Collateral Ligament Tears: Reconstruction.

The medial ulnar collateral ligament (MUCL) complex is integral for valgus elbow stability, especially in individuals engaged in repetitive overhead activities such as throwing. MUCL injuries often necessitate surgical intervention to restore elbow stability. Early studies reporting outcomes after MUCL repair demonstrated suboptimal return to play compared with ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction, prompting a shift toward reconstruction techniques.

Ulnar Collateral Ligament Repair.

Ulnar collateral ligament injury of the elbow is a problem most associated with baseball pitchers but can be a challenging pathology for any overhead throwing athlete. The prevalence of these injuries has been steadily increasing over the past several decades, as has the need for surgical management. Surgical reconstruction has long been considered the gold standard for complete ulnar collateral ligament injuries in throwers, but repair has surfaced as a viable option for younger patients or those with isolated proximal or distal injuries with good tissue quality.

Ulnar Collateral Ligament Tears: Evaluation and Nonsurgical Management.

The medial ulnar collateral ligament of the elbow is the primary stabilizer against valgus load. It can tear acutely or through attritional damage as in repetitive overhead sports. Although baseball players, particularly pitchers, are the most vulnerable athletes, these injuries also occur in contact athletes, gymnasts, and javelin throwers.

The Effect of Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty Design and Surgical Indications on Deltoid and Rotator Cuff Muscle Length.

Background: Advancements in surgical planning, technique, and prosthesis design have improved adaptation to patient anatomy in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA). Postoperative changes in deltoid and rotator cuff muscle length are important and may vary based on preoperative indications and prosthesis selection. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the changes in deltoid and rotator cuff muscle length for planned rTSA using the spectrum of prosthesis configurations in both GHOA and RCA.