The periodicity of enamel laminations in human deciduous molars.

Objective: Enamel laminations are closely spaced incremental lines that run parallel to Retzius lines or the developing enamel surface. Here, the timing of enamel laminations is calculated for naturally exfoliated deciduous molars (n = 111) from three modern-day populations (Aotearoa New Zealand, Britain and Canada).

Design: Teeth were sectioned using standard histological methods and examined using a high-powered microscope.

Iridium(III) Complexes of Bifunctional 2-(2-Pyridyl)imidazole Ligands: Electrochemiluminescent Emitters in Aqueous Media.

A series of electrochemiluminescent (ECL) iridium(III) complexes with the general formula [Ir(CN)(pim)] (where CN = cyclometalating ligands 2-phenylpyridinato (ppy) or 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)pyridinato (dFppy), and pim = 2-(2-pyridyl)imidazole) have been synthesized. In each case, the 2-(2-pyridyl)imidazole ancillary ligand has been modified to facilitate bioconjugation and ECL label development. All complexes exhibit blue-shifted optical and electro-generated phosphorescence relative to the archetypal complex [Ir(ppy)(bpy)] (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine).

Scalable, data-assimilated models predict large-scale shoreline response to waves and sea-level rise.

Coastal change is a complex combination of multi-scale processes (e.g., wave-driven cross-shore and longshore transport; dune, bluff, and cliff erosion; overwash; fluvial and inlet sediment supply; and sea-level-driven recession).

The projected exposure and response of a natural barrier island system to climate-driven coastal hazards.

Accelerating sea level rise (SLR) and changing storm patterns will increasingly expose barrier islands to coastal hazards, including flooding, erosion, and rising groundwater tables. We assess the exposure of Cape Lookout National Seashore, a barrier island system in North Carolina (USA), to projected SLR and storm hazards over the twenty-first century. We estimate that with 0.

Effect of Internal and Bulge Loops on the Thermal Stability of Small DNA Duplexes.

The thermal stabilities of DNA duplexes analogous to the microRNA: mRNA complex from have been measured by free solution capillary electrophoresis. DNA duplexes with the same stems but different types of internal or bulge loops and a control with no loop have also been studied. The melting temperatures of the DNA derivatives increased linearly with the logarithm of the Na or K ion concentration in the solution.