Correction: Iwan et al. Pro-Oxidative Effect of KIO and Protective Effect of Melatonin in the Thyroid-Comparison to Other Tissues. 2021, , 592.

In the original article [...

Iodine as a potential endocrine disruptor-a role of oxidative stress.

Purpose: Iodine is an essential micronutrient required for thyroid hormone biosynthesis. However, overtreatment with iodine can unfavorably affect thyroid physiology. The aim of this review is to present the evidence that iodine-when in excess-can interfere with thyroid hormone synthesis and, therefore, can act as a potential endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC), and that this action, as well as other abnormalities in the thyroid, occurs-at least partially-via oxidative stress.

Pro-Oxidative Effect of KIO and Protective Effect of Melatonin in the Thyroid-Comparison to Other Tissues.

Not only iodine deficiency, but also its excess may contribute to thyroid cancer. Potassium iodate (KIO), which is broadly used in the salt iodization program, can increase oxidative damage to membrane lipids (lipid peroxidation, LPO) under experimental conditions, with the strongest damaging effect at KIO concentration of ~10 mM (corresponding to physiological iodine concentration in the thyroid). Melatonin is an effective antioxidant, which protects against KIO-induced LPO in the thyroid.

Cumulative Protective Effect of Melatonin and Indole-3-Propionic Acid against KIO-Induced Lipid Peroxidation in Porcine Thyroid.

Iodine deficiency is the main environmental factor leading to thyroid cancer. At the same time iodine excess may also contribute to thyroid cancer. Potassium iodate (KIO), which is broadly used in salt iodization program, may increase oxidative damage to membrane lipids (lipid peroxidation, LPO) under experimental conditions, with the strongest damaging effect at KIO concentration of ~10 mM (corresponding to physiological iodine concentration in the thyroid).

Melatonin reduces high levels of lipid peroxidation induced by potassium iodate in porcine thyroid.

Iodine is essential for thyroid hormone synthesis. Under normal iodine supply, calculated physiological iodine concentration in the thyroid is approx. 9 mM.