Interplay of protection and damage through intermolecular processes in the decay of electronic core holes in microsolvated organic molecules.

Soft X-ray irradiation of molecules causes electronic core-level vacancies through photoelectron emission. In light elements, such as C, N, or O, which are abundant in the biosphere, these vacancies predominantly decay by Auger emission, leading inevitably to dissociative multiply charged states. It was recently demonstrated that an environment can prevent fragmentation of core-level-ionised small organic molecules through immediate non-local decay of the core hole, dissipating charge and energy to the environment.

The family of tetranuclear NbOI clusters ( = 0, 1, 2): from the molecular NbOI cluster to extended chains and layers.

Unconventional reduction reactions in the Nb-O-I system have produced a number of niobium oxyiodides containing the oxygen-centered [NbO] cluster. Crystalline NbOI and two modifications of NbOI were structurally characterized by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The new compounds can be classified as members of the NbOI family, together with the already known NbOI.

Assessing trends and density of bird species in bottomland hardwood forests and riparian forests using simulation and sample size optimization for surveys.

The decline of neotropical migratory birds in North America is closely tied to habitat loss, including the degradation of bottomland hardwood and riparian forests, which provide essential habitats for numerous species. To address this, the U.S.

Proposed biological definitions of Parkinson's disease confuse understanding without delivering meaningful advances.

This article reflects on two proposals to classify and stage Parkinson's disease (PD) and related conditions based on the presence of aggregated alpha-synuclein (ASN) detected by alpha-synuclein aggregation assay (SAA). The authors highlight the significant shortcomings of the proposals: detection of ASN by SAA is not specific of PD or other well-established clinical conditions; they do not allow prediction of clinical course and prognosis; and they are not suitable as an endpoint for clinical trials. To move forward with proposals reflecting so many uncertainties and unknowns will just sow confusion and misunderstanding within the PD community.

Uncomplicated Diverticulosis Is Not Associated With Abdominal Pain or Abnormal Bowel Habit-A Population-Based Swedish Cohort Study.

Background: Whether uncomplicated diverticulosis gives rise to symptoms is controversial. Diary-based studies of abdominal pain and stool habits in general populations are scarce, and we therefore investigated symptom patterns in diverticulosis from prospectively collected symptom diaries in a random sample of the general population who completed a research colonoscopy.

Methods: In the Swedish population-based colonoscopy (PopCol) study, 745 individuals from the general population underwent a colonoscopy of which 130 had diverticulosis, and none had diverticulitis.