Intramural hematomas and astrocytic infiltration precede perivascular inflammation in a rat model of repetitive low-level blast injury.

In modern war theaters, exposures to blast overpressures are one of the most common causes of brain injury. These pervasive events result in acute and chronic cerebrovascular degenerative processes. Using a rat model of blast-induced mild traumatic brain injury, we identified intramural periarterial hematomas as early primary acute lesions induced by blast exposures.

Predictive Methods and Probabilistic Mapping of Subcortical Brain Components in Fossil Carnivora.

Paleoneurology reconstructs the evolutionary history of nervous systems through direct observations from the fossil record and comparative data from extant species. Although this approach can provide direct evidence of phylogenetic links among species, it is constrained by the availability and quality of data that can be gleaned from the fossil record. Here, we sought to translate brain component relationships in a sample of extant Carnivora to make inferences about brain structure in fossil species.

Segmentation of supragranular and infragranular layers in ultra-high-resolution 7T ex vivo MRI of the human cerebral cortex.

Accurate labeling of specific layers in the human cerebral cortex is crucial for advancing our understanding of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Building on recent advancements in ultra-high-resolution ex vivo MRI, we present a novel semi-supervised segmentation model capable of identifying supragranular and infragranular layers in ex vivo MRI with unprecedented precision. On a dataset consisting of 17 whole-hemisphere ex vivo scans at 120 $\mu $m, we propose a Multi-resolution U-Nets framework that integrates global and local structural information, achieving reliable segmentation maps of the entire hemisphere, with Dice scores over 0.

Comparative basolateral amygdala connectomics reveals dissociable single-neuron projection patterns to frontal cortex in macaques and mice.

Basolateral amygdala (BLA) is a key hub for affect in the brain, and dysfunction within this area contributes to a host of psychiatric disorders. BLA is extensively and reciprocally interconnected with frontal cortex, and some aspects of its function are evolutionarily conserved across rodents, anthropoid primates, and humans. Neuron density in BLA is substantially lower in primates compared to murine rodents, and frontal cortex (FC) is dramatically expanded in primates, particularly the more anterior granular and dysgranular areas.