Sublethal exposure of eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica to the goniodomin-producing dinoflagellate Alexandrium monilatum: Fate of toxins, histopathology, and gene expression.

Objective: The dinoflagellate Alexandrium monilatum forms blooms during summer in tributaries of the lower Chesapeake Bay. Questions persist about the potential for A. monilatum to negatively affect aquatic organisms.

Effects of Culture Systems and Nutrients on the Growth and Toxin Production of .

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) formed by toxic microalgae have seriously threatened marine ecosystems and food safety and security in recent years. Among them, has attracted the attention of scientists and society due to its acute and rapid neurotoxicity in mice. Herein, the growth and gymnodimine A (GYM-A) production of were investigated in diverse culture systems with different surface-to-volume (S/V) ratios and nitrogen/phosphorus concentrations.

Anesthetic Considerations and Blood Utilization for Placenta Accreta Spectrum.

The anesthetic management of the patient with placenta accreta spectrum begins before surgery by assessing the patient and their comorbidities and providing psychological preparation for the perioperative period. Choosing neuraxial or general anesthesia for surgery balances the procedure's clinical needs with the patient's desires. Intraoperatively, management of homeostasis during acute blood loss requires assessments of central volume to avoid over-transfusion.

Investigating the role of allelochemicals in the interaction between Alexandrium monilatum and other phytoplankton species.

Species of the dinoflagellate genus Alexandrium can release bioactive extracellular compounds with allelopathic effects (e.g., immobilization, inhibition of growth, photosynthesis or lysis) towards other phytoplanktonic organisms.