Drugs to affect the smooth musculature of the human ureter - an update with integrated information from basic science to the use in medical expulsion therapy (MET).

Purpose: Urolithiasis and symptomatic ureterolithiasis represent diseases known to be on the increase in most westernized countries. The present article aims to give an overview on some drug principles assumed to target signalling systems involved in modulating ureter smooth muscle contractility and to present background to their potential use or prospects in ureter stone disease.

Methods: The article reviews drugs that have been evaluated over the last decades in vitro, in vivo and/or in clinical settings with regard to their properties to achieve spontaneous passage of (distal) ureteral stones and relieve colic pain.

The Rho-kinase inhibitor Y27632 promotes ureteral relaxation in an in vivo rat model for partial ureteral obstruction.

Purpose: Aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of intravenous Y27632 (a ROK inhibitor) on intra-ureteral pressures and on blood pressure in an in vivo rat model for unilateral partial ureteral obstruction (PUO).

Methods: 15 Male Sprague Dawley rats were used. Under isofluran anesthesia, saline was continuously infused via polyethylene (PE)-10 catheters inserted in the ureters beneath the kidney pelvis.

Ultrasonography- and Doppler-Guided Surgical Treatment for Insertional Achilles Tendinopathy: Results From a Case Series in a Southern Sweden County Hospital.

Background: Treatment with ultrasonography (US)- and color Doppler (CD)-guided mini surgery for insertional Achilles tendinopathy has shown good clinical results in a sports medicine setting. The aim in this study was to introduce this new methodology at a county hospital and study the clinical results on a traditional orthopaedic population.

Methods: Twenty-six consecutive patients (12 men, mean age 61 years; 14 women, mean age 56 years) with a long duration (>12 months) of pain symptoms from insertional Achilles tendinopathy (a combination of bursae, bone, and tendon pathology) were included.

Expression and distribution of the transient receptor potential cationic channel ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) in the human seminal vesicles.

Background And Aims: The transient receptor potential cationic channel ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), a channel protein permeable to most divalent cations, has been suggested to play a role in mechano-afferent/efferent signaling (including the release of neurotransmitters) in the human urinary tract (bladder, prostate, and urethra). To date, only a few studies have addressed the expression of this receptor in male and female reproductive tissues. The present study aimed to evaluate human seminal vesicles (SVs)  for the expression and localization of TRPA1.

A Regenerated Achilles Tendon with Good Function One Year After Total Extirpation Due to Infection - A Case Report.

Background: Delayed Achilles tendon ruptures leaving large defects are difficult to treat, and the potential for tendon regeneration is thought to be limited. Furthermore, post-operative wound healing problems, sometimes including infections, can be challenging to treat and negatively affect rehabilitation.

Case Presentation: This 74-year-old lady suffered from insertional Achilles tendinopathy.