The stability of imine-containing dynamic [2]rotaxanes to hydrolysis.

Large amounts (>100 mol equivalents) of water are required to effect by hydrolysis the partial disassembly of the rings from the dumbbell components of two dynamic [2]rotaxanes. The two dynamic [2]rotaxanes are comprised of [24]crown-8 rings-each of which incorporate two imine bonds-encircling a dumbbell component composed of a dibenzylammonium ion in which each of the two benzyl substituents carries two methoxyl groups attached to their 3- and 5-positions. A mechanism for the partial disassembly of the two dynamic [2]rotaxanes, involving the cleavage of the kinetically labile imine bonds by water molecules, is proposed.

Synthesizing interlocked molecules dynamically.

As the complexity of mechanically interlocked molecular architectures increases, it is important to understand the underlying principles, such as molecular recognition and self-assembly processes, that govern the practice of template-directed synthesis necessary to create these particular compounds. In this review, we explain the importance of dynamic processes in the synthesis of mechanically interlocked compounds. We show how many different dynamic covalent bonds have been used in the synthesis of rotaxanes, catenanes, and other higher-order mechanically interlocked compounds, with the goal of revealing the state of the art in dynamic covalent chemistry.

[Diagnosis and therapy of carpal tunnel syndrome--guideline of the German Societies of Handsurgery, Neurosurgery, Neurology, Orthopaedics, Clinical Neurophysiology and Functional Imaging, Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, and Surgery for Traumatology].

Evidence-based supradisciplinary guideline that deals with the epidemiology, pathogenesis, symptoms, clinical and electrophysiological diagnosis, supplementary imaging investigations, differential diagnosis, conservative and surgical treatments, prognosis and course along with complications and revision surgery. The recommendations on investigation and treatment are based on a comprehensive literature search with critical evaluation and two consensus methods (expert group and Delphi technique) within the participating specialist societies. Besides this long version, a short version and a patient version can be viewed through the AWMF platform.

Equilibrating dynamic [2]rotaxanes.

Upon mixing and dehydration, 2,6-diformylpyridine and 2,2'-oxybis(ethylamine) form a dynamic combinatorial library of at least nine members. Through hydrogen bonding and other intermolecular interactions, templating dumbbell molecules select one macrocyclic member of the library, at the expense of all the others, to create [2]rotaxanes. These rotaxanes, however, retain the dynamic character of the library, since a diformylpyridine analogue can exchange with the macrocyclic component in solution.

[Partial midcarpal arthrodesis with excision of the scaphoid for the treatment of advanced carpal collapse].

Objective: To eliminate painful arthrosis between the radius and scaphoid and between the lunate and capitate. Stabilization of the carpus with preservation of useful range of motion between the radius and the lunate.

Indications: Painful arthrosis of radioscaphoid joint due to an old lesion of the scapholunate ligament or a long-standing scaphoid pseudarthrosis with loss of carpal height (advanced carpal collapse, stage II) and eventual additional midcarpal arthrosis (stage III).