Lipopolysaccharide Effects on Neurotransmission: Understanding Implications for Depression.

Immune activation in the body is well studied; however, much less is known about how peripheral inflammation changes brain chemistry. Because depression and inflammation are close comorbidities, investigating how inflammation affects the brain's chemicals will help us to better understand depression. The levels of the monoamines dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine are thought to be affected by both inflammation and depression.

Prenatal ultrasound detection of fetal amniotic band ingestion in monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancy: a rare case report.

Background: Amniotic Band Syndrome (ABS) is a rare congenital condition characterized by the formation of fibrous bands within the amniotic sac that can entangle and restrict fetal development, leading to various deformities. In this report, we present an unprecedented case of fetal amniotic band ingestion in a monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) twin pregnancy. Reporting this case is essential for expanding the understanding of the diverse presentations of amniotic bands, considering this rare entity in the differential diagnosis of prenatal ultrasound findings, and emphasizing the importance of vigilant prenatal monitoring and individualized management strategies.

Alpha-Pinene Decreases the Elevated Levels of Astrogliosis, Pyroptosis, and Autophagy Markers in the Hippocampus Triggered by Kainate in a Rat Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.

The development and progression of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) are heavily influenced by inflammation, excessive activation of glial cells, and neuronal cell death. This study aimed to investigate the effects of treatment with alpha-pinene (APN) on pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels, astrogliosis, pyroptosis, and autophagy markers in the hippocampus in a rat model of TLE induced by kainic acid (KA). Male Wistar rats were employed, and TLE was induced by intracerebroventricular injection of KA.

Intra-operative Risk Factors Affecting Mortality after Heart Transplantation: A Referral Center Experience in Iran.

Background: Heart transplantation is the preferred treatment for end-stage heart failure. This study investigated the intra-operative risk factors affecting post-transplantation mortality.

Methods: This single-center retrospective cohort study examined 239 heart transplant patients over eight years, from 2011-2019, at the oldest dedicated cardiovascular center, Shahid Rajaee Hospital (Tehran, Iran).