Microbial communities in dark oligotrophic volcanic ice cave ecosystems of Mt. Erebus, Antarctica.

The Earth's crust hosts a subsurface, dark, and oligotrophic biosphere that is poorly understood in terms of the energy supporting its biomass production and impact on food webs at the Earth's surface. Dark oligotrophic volcanic ecosystems (DOVEs) are good environments for investigations of life in the absence of sunlight as they are poor in organics, rich in chemical reactants and well known for chemical exchange with Earth's surface systems. Ice caves near the summit of Mt.

Calcification associated with the nasolacrimal system of a horse: case report and mineralogic composition.

A 12-year-old Paso Fino mare was evaluated for a chronic nasal and ocular discharge. A calcification was identified eroding through the nasal mucosa of the middle meatus. Differential considerations for this mass included dacryolith, nasal calculus, or calcified tooth root abscess.

Mandibular dimensions in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

Objective: We hypothesized that mandibular size may play a role in the etiology of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in children, since a smaller mandible may reduce airway size. We used magnetic resonance imaging to determine the mandible dimensions of children with OSAS.

Design: Case control study.

Meta analysis of the treatment-related factors of external apical root resorption.

Objective: To elucidate possible treatment-related etiological factors--such as, duration of treatment and apical displacement--for external root resorption.

Design: Meta-analysis of the available English-language literature.

Inclusion & Exclusion Criteria: Papers with a sample size > 10, fixed appliances, pre- and post-operative radiographs, and apical displacement recorded were included.