Assisting the implementation of screening for type 1 diabetes by using artificial intelligence on publicly available data.

The type 1 diabetes community is coalescing around the benefits and advantages of early screening for disease risk. To be accepted by healthcare providers, regulatory authorities and payers, screening programmes need to show that the testing variables allow accurate risk prediction and that individualised risk-informed monitoring plans are established, as well as operational feasibility, cost-effectiveness and acceptance at population level. Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to contribute to solving these issues, starting with the identification and stratification of at-risk individuals.

Should Tinnitus Patients with Subclinical Hearing Impairment Be Offered Hearing Aids? A Comparison of Tinnitus Mitigation Following 3 Months Hearing Aid Use in Individuals with and without Clinical Hearing Impairment.

There is a consensus among tinnitus experts to not recommend hearing aids for tinnitus patients with subclinical hearing impairment. However, this notion is arbitrary, as no previous study has compared the treatment effect of hearing aids on tinnitus distress in patients with and without clinical hearing impairment. In this article, we investigate whether tinnitus patients with clinical and subclinical hearing impairment differ in terms of tinnitus mitigation after hearing aid fitting.

Structural and functional insights into the Pseudomonas aeruginosa glycosyltransferase WaaG and the implications for lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis.

The glycosyltransferase WaaG in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PaWaaG) is involved in the synthesis of the core region of lipopolysaccharides. It is a promising target for developing adjuvants that could help in the uptake of antibiotics. Herein, we have determined structures of PaWaaG in complex with the nucleotide-sugars UDP-glucose, UDP-galactose, and UDP-GalNAc.

Lipid- and substrate-induced conformational and dynamic changes in a glycosyltransferase involved in E. coli LPS synthesis revealed by F and P NMR.

WaaG is a glycosyltransferase (GT) involved in the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall, and in Escherichia coli it catalyzes the transfer of a glucose moiety from the donor substrate UDP-glucose onto the nascent lipopolysaccharide (LPS) molecule which when completed constitutes the major component of the bacterium's outermost defenses. Similar to other GTs of the GT-B fold, having two Rossman-like domains connected by a short linker, WaaG is believed to undergo complex inter-domain motions as part of its function to accommodate the nascent LPS and UDP-glucose in the catalytic site located in the cleft between the two domains. As the nascent LPS is bulky and membrane-bound, WaaG is a peripheral membrane protein, adding to the complexity of studying the enzyme in a biologically relevant environment.