The human motor cortex contributes to gravity compensation to maintain posture and during reaching.

The neural control of posture and movement is interdependent. During voluntary movement, the neural motor command is executed by the motor cortex through the corticospinal tract and its collaterals and subcortical targets. Here we address the question of whether the control mechanism for the postural adjustments at nonmoving joints is also involved in overcoming gravity at the moving joints.

Do specific maternal sensations experienced in late pregnancy correlate to a breech presenting baby? Evaluation of a simple maternal questionnaire.

Objectives: To investigate the effectiveness of a structured questionnaire completed at 36 weeks gestation in predicting breech presentation.

Design: Questionnaire-based study.

Setting: Tertiary NHS Foundation Trust.

Secondary endings of muscle spindles: Structure, reflex action, role in motor control and proprioception.

New Findings: What is the topic of this review? We describe the structure and function of secondary sensory endings of muscle spindles, their reflex action and role in motor control and proprioception. What advances does it highlight? In most mammalian skeletal muscles, secondary endings of spindles are more or much more numerous than primary endings but are much less well studied. By focusing on secondary endings in this review, we aim to redress the balance, draw attention to what is not known and stimulate future research.

External cephalic version at term: a cohort study of 18 years' experience.

Objective: To analyse the outcome of referrals for external cephalic version (ECV).

Design: Retrospective cohort study of prospectively collected data.

Setting: Major university hospital, UK.

Time-Dependent Discrepancies between Assessments of Sensory Function after Incomplete Cervical Spinal Cord Injury.

We recently demonstrated that the electrical perceptual threshold (EPT) examination reveals spared sensory function at lower spinal segments compared with the International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI) examination in humans with chronic incomplete cervical spinal cord injury (SCI). Here, we investigated whether discrepancies in sensory function detected by both sensory examinations change over time after SCI. Forty-five participants with acute (<1 year), chronic (≥1-10 years), and extended-chronic (>10 years) incomplete cervical SCI and 30 control subjects were tested on dermatomes C2-T4 bilaterally.