Laparoscopic-Assisted Removal of Two Video Capsule Endoscopy Cameras Retained for More Than Two Years.

Video capsule endoscopy (VCE) is used to evaluate the gastrointestinal tract, particularly the small bowel for obscure bleeding, Crohn's disease, and tumors. A rare complication of VCE is the retention of the pill camera. With the expanding use of VCE, it's important to consider the pathology that may lead to retention and approach to treatment.

Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment in Dysmenorrhea: A Systematic Review.

The majority of women experience dysmenorrhea during their lifetime. The current standard-of-care treatment consists of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, oral contraceptive pills, or intrauterine devices. Osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) is a beneficial tool for improving non-musculoskeletal (non-MSK) conditions such as migraines, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and anxiety.

Organophosphates modulate tissue transglutaminase activity in differentiated C6 neural cells.

Objective: The organophosphate compounds chlorpyrifos (O, O-diethyl O-[3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl] phosphorothioate, CPF) and phenyl saligenin phosphate (PSP) have been widely implicated in developmental neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Transglutaminase (TG)2 is a calcium ion (Ca2+)-dependent enzyme with an important role in neuronal cell outgrowth and differentiation and in neurotoxin activity and is modulated by organophosphates.

Elevated glycolysis imparts functional ability to CD8 T cells in HIV infection.

The mechanisms inducing exhaustion of HIV-specific CD8 T cells are not fully understood. Metabolic programming directly influences T-cell differentiation, effector function, and memory. We evaluated metabolic profiles of ex vivo CD8 T cells in HIV-infected individuals.