Protein loop dynamics have recently been recognized as central to enzymatic activity, specificity and stability. However, the factors controlling loop opening and closing kinetics have remained elusive. Here, we combine molecular dynamics simulations with string-method determination of complex reaction coordinates to elucidate the molecular mechanism and rate-limiting step for WPD-loop dynamics in the PTP1B enzyme.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe aim of this study was to examine reproducibility of stroke volume and cardiac output measurements by Doppler echocardiography during submaximal and maximal exercise in adults and children. Fourteen healthy children (8 girls and 6 boys aged 10.9 +/- 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe aim of the present study was to investigate the gender effect of an endurance training programme on the maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) of prepubertal children. The subjects comprised eighty-five 10-11-y-old prepubertal children: 35 (17 girls, 18 boys; EG) were involved in a 13-wk running training programme and 50 (22 girls, 28 boys; CG) served as a control group. Each subject carried out a continuous and progressive cycle ergometer test before and after the 13-wk study period under the same conditions and procedures.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNon-invasive measurement of the cardiac output is essential in investigations of healthy children. However, the data concerning the reproducibility of the measurements are very limited. The aim of this study was to assess the reproducibility of the measurement of cardiac output during exercise by Doppler echocardiography and reinhalation of CO2 (extrapolation method).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe aim of the present study was to investigate the O2 uptake slow component in prepubertal children of different aerobic capacity during high intensity exercise. Twenty-three (12 well-trained, T and 11 untrained, U subjects) 10-13 year old prepubertal children took part in 3 tests: one incremental test to determine the maximal aerobic power (PMA) and anaerobic threshold (LAT); two constant-power tests performed at intensities corresponding to 80%LAT and 90%PMA. Oxygen uptake (VO2), heart rate, ventilation (VE) and lactate ([L]s) were evaluated during each test.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF