Impacts of endocrine disrupting chemicals on reproduction in wildlife and humans.

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are ubiquitous in aquatic and terrestrial environments. The main objective of this review was to summarize the current knowledge of the impacts of EDCs on reproductive success in wildlife and humans. The examples selected often include a retrospective assessment of the knowledge of reproductive impacts over time to discern how the effects of EDCs have changed over the last several decades.

Killing two birds with one stone: Pregnancy is a sensitive window for endocrine effects on both the mother and the fetus.

Pregnancy is a complex process requiring tremendous physiological changes in the mother in order to fulfill the needs of the growing fetus, and to give birth, expel the placenta and nurse the newborn. These physiological modifications are accompanied with psychological changes, as well as with variations in habits and behaviors. As a result, this period of life is considered as a sensitive window as impaired functional and physiological changes in the mother can have short- and long-term impacts on her health.

Innovation in regulatory approaches for endocrine disrupting chemicals: The journey to risk assessment modernization in Canada.

Globally, regulatory authorities grapple with the challenge of assessing the hazards and risks to human and ecosystem health that may result from exposure to chemicals that disrupt the normal functioning of endocrine systems. Rapidly increasing number of chemicals in commerce, coupled with the reliance on traditional, costly animal experiments for hazard characterization - often with limited sensitivity to many important mechanisms of endocrine disruption -, presents ongoing challenges for chemical regulation. The consequence is a limited number of chemicals for which there is sufficient data to assess if there is endocrine toxicity and hence few chemicals with thorough hazard characterization.

Effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals on gonad development: Mechanistic insights from fish and mammals.

Over the past century, evidence has emerged that endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have an impact on reproductive health. An increased frequency of reproductive disorders has been observed worldwide in both wildlife and humans that is correlated with accidental exposures to EDCs and their increased production. Epidemiological and experimental studies have highlighted the consequences of early exposures and the existence of key windows of sensitivity during development.

Study of insolubility problems of dexamethasone and digoxin: cyclodextrin complexation.

Cyclodextrins are able to form inclusion complexes with a number of drugs if their molecular dimensions correspond to those of the cyclodextrin cavity which leads to change of physicochemical and biopharmaceutical properties of drugs. 2-Hydroxypropyl beta cyclodextrin (HP beta CD) is suitable for parenteral application because of its considerable solubility in water and low hemolytic activity. Digoxin is insoluble in water, sensitive to light and is a subject of acidic hydrolysis, it is a challenge to the technologists of parenteral dosage forms.