Mycobacterium tuberculosis multi-drug-resistant strain M induces IL-17 IFNγ CD4 T cell expansion through an IL-23 and TGF-β-dependent mechanism in patients with MDR-TB tuberculosis.

We have reported previously that T cells from patients with multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) express high levels of interleukin (IL)-17 in response to the MDR strain M (Haarlem family) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis). Herein, we explore the pathways involved in the induction of Th17 cells in MDR-TB patients and healthy tuberculin reactors [purified protein derivative healthy donors (PPD HD)] by the M strain and the laboratory strain H37Rv.

Measurement of fasting ketonuria and capillary blood glucose after main meals in women with gestational diabetes mellitus: How well is the metabolic picture captured?

Aim: Metabolic monitoring of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) usually consists of measuring fasting ketonuria and postprandial capillary blood glucose (CBG) after main meals. We aimed to evaluate how this monitoring system captures the metabolic picture as compared to a scheme with a greater number of time points.

Methods: Thirty-five women with GDM were recommended to follow a fractionated diet and trained in CBG and ketonuria monitoring.

Is thyroid autoimmunity associated with gestational diabetes mellitus?

Because inflammatory markers have been associated with incident diabetes mellitus, we aimed to evaluate if thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAbs) in early pregnancy are predictive of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Six hundred nineteen pregnant women without former diabetes mellitus were evaluated for TPOAb positivity after booking. A universal GDM screening protocol and the Third Workshop-Conference criteria were used for GDM detection.