Hygiene monitoring in a hospital immunohaematological laboratory.

Purpose Of The Study: Not only in blood donation services, but also in the immunohaematological laboratory of a hospital including the depository for blood products a hygiene plan must be drawn up and its realization has to be documented.

Material And Methods: From 2011 to 2014, some equipment in the depository and in the immunohematological laboratory was microbiologically monitored once a year. The examinations were done by direct contact cultures taken from several places of each device.

Complete urethral duplication: description of surgical approach mimicking distal epispadias repair.

Objective: To present two cases of type IIA urethral duplication and propose a reproducible surgical approach.

Methods: Two cases are presented in this report. The first was a male child with a type IIA1 urethral duplication with two urethral channels arising from the bladder through separate bladder necks coursing to the glans penis.

Decrease in nosocomial pneumonia in ventilated patients by selective oropharyngeal decontamination (SOD).

Objective: To determine the influence of selective oropharyngeal decontamination (SOD) on the rate of colonization and infection of the respiratory tract in intensive care patients requiring mechanical ventilation for more than 4 days. A financial assessment was also performed.

Design: Randomized, prospective, controlled study using amphotericin B, colistin sulfate (polymyxin E), and tobramycin applied to the oropharynx and systemic cefotaxime prophylaxis.

Testicular trauma: potential impact on reproductive function.

Purpose: The long-term effects of testicular trauma on reproductive function are unknown. In an effort to define the relationship between testicular injury and fertility in humans, we identified patients with a history of testicular trauma and assessed parameters commonly associated with fertility.

Materials And Methods: We reviewed 15 patients 23 to 59 years old who underwent immediate exploration after testicular trauma between 1972 and 1991.

Lasers in urology.

Laser therapy has many applications in the treatment of urologic diseases. The advantages of laser treatment over conventional techniques are less bleeding and pain and a reduced need for anesthesia. The development of new fibers and right-angle delivery systems allows new applications for laser therapy.