A review of the anatomical variations of the posterior tributaries of the left renal vein.

Background: Variations of the posterior tributaries of the left renal vein (LRV) are frequently encountered during various urological and vascular procedures. This can be explained by the complex embryological and anatomical arrangements of these tributaries, as well as variations in their nomenclature.

Aims: To increase awareness of the anatomical variations of the posterior tributaries of the LRV.

A single male cadaver with multiple renal arteries.

Background: Multiple renal arteries are a frequently found variation in many studies. It is important to recognize such variations, as more complicated surgical and radiological procedures are developed. If this possibility is not considered, complications may arise.

Experience using the Quinton Permcath for haemodialysis in the Irish Republic.

Background: The Quinton Permcath has been widely used for temporary vascular access in patients requiring haemodialysis. Placement under direct vision into the internal jugular vein minimizes the complication rate. This access modality is being used more and more for long-term access in the elderly and in patients where other access modalities are unavailable or have failed.

Transitional cell carcinoma of upper urinary tract: some prognostic indicators.

Thirty cases of transitional cell carcinoma were reviewed over a twenty-year period. The incidence of bladder tumor recurrence was no different in those who had complete or incomplete nephroureterectomy. Grade and stage correlated well with survival.