Publications by authors named "P Giles"
Birt-Hogg-Dubé (BHD) syndrome patients are uniquely susceptible to all renal tumour subtypes. The underlying mechanism of carcinogenesis is unclear. To study cancer development in BHD, we used human proximal kidney (HK2) cells and found that long-term folliculin knockdown was required to increase their tumorigenic potential, forming larger spheroids in non-adherent conditions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnlabelled: The pathogenesis of duodenal tumors in the inherited tumor syndromes familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and MUTYH-associated polyposis (MAP) is poorly understood. This study aimed to identify genes that are significantly mutated in these tumors and to explore the effects of these mutations. Whole exome and whole transcriptome sequencing identified recurrent somatic coding variants of phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit A (PIGA) in 19/70 (27%) FAP and MAP duodenal adenomas, and further confirmed the established driver roles for APC and KRAS.
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- Oral mucosal wounds heal faster and with less scarring than skin wounds, mainly due to the superior healing properties of oral mucosal fibroblasts (OMFs).
- The study compared oxidative stress markers and antioxidant profiles between oral mucosa and skin tissues, finding that OMFs have a stronger resistance to oxidative damage and are more effective in healing.
- Although higher levels of certain enzymes (like SOD3) were found in oral tissues, the exact contributions of enzymatic antioxidants in wound healing may be limited, suggesting other antioxidants could also play a vital role in protecting OMFs from oxidative stress.
Therapeutic interventions are being developed for Huntington's disease (HD), a hallmark of which is mutant huntingtin protein (mHTT) aggregates. Following the advancement to human testing of two [C]-PET ligands for aggregated mHTT, attributes for further optimization were identified. We replaced the pyridazinone ring of CHDI-180 with a pyrimidine ring and minimized off-target binding using brain homogenate derived from Alzheimer's disease patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHistological assessment of prostate cancer is the key diagnostic test and can predict disease outcome. This is however an invasive procedure that carries associated risks, hence non-invasive assays to support the diagnostic pathway are much needed. A key feature of disease progression, and subsequent poor prognosis, is the presence of an altered stroma.
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