New fossils, systematics, and biogeography of the oldest known crown primate Teilhardina from the earliest Eocene of Asia, Europe, and North America.

Omomyiform primates are among the most basal fossil haplorhines, with the oldest classified in the genus Teilhardina and known contemporaneously from Asia, Europe, and North America during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) ∼56 mya. Characterization of morphology in this genus has been limited by small sample sizes and fragmentary fossils. A new dental sample (n = 163) of the North American species Teilhardina brandti from PETM strata of the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, documents previously unknown morphology and variation, prompting the need for a systematic revision of the genus.

Liver Fibrosis Evaluation Using Real-time Shear Wave Elastography in Hepatitis C-Monoinfected and Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Hepatitis C-Coinfected Patients.

Objectives: A few studies have evaluated real-time shear wave elastography (SWE) for assessing liver fibrosis by measuring liver stiffness in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, but they excluded human immunodeficiency virus/HCV-coinfected patients. We investigated the diagnostic performance of liver stiffness measured by SWE as a noninvasive predictor of liver fibrosis in HCV using liver biopsy as a reference standard, including monoinfected and coinfected patients.

Methods: We measured liver stiffness in patients with HCV undergoing liver biopsy (METAVIR fibrosis staging).

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in inflammatory bowel disease with special attention for IgA-class antibodies.

Perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (P-ANCA) of the IgG class have been reported in inflammatory bowel disease, mainly in ulcerative colitis. Since this disease affects the gastrointestinal tract, we determined whether IgA class ANCA were present in inflammatory bowel disease. We used an indirect immunofluorescence assay for IgG and IgA ANCA testing.

Generalized immune activation in pulmonary tuberculosis: co-activation with HIV infection.

Parameters of immune activation/differentiation were studied in a group of newly diagnosed HIV- and HIV+ pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients. Compared with controls, HLA-DR expression on both CD4 and CD8 T cells from the HIV- TB patients was approximately doubled; HLA-DR on T cells from the HIV+ group was tripled. The monocytes from both groups of patients expressed abnormally high levels of the Fc gamma receptors I and III.

Phenotypic and functional parameters of cellular immunity in a chimpanzee with a naturally acquired simian immunodeficiency virus infection.

The cellular immunologic and virologic status of a chimpanzee, naturally infected with a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-like lentivirus (SIVcpz-ant), was compared longitudinally with those of 3 HIV-1-infected and 5 uninfected chimpanzees for a period of 49 months. Evidence of immune deficiency was not observed in the HIV-1-infected chimpanzees, nor could virus be isolated from plasma. Virus could be isolated from plasma of the SIVcpz-ant-infected chimpanzee, but clinical signs of immune deficiency were never observed.