Cross-cultural adaptation, validation and reliability of the Medication Safety Thermometer tool for use in Brazil.

Objectives: to perform cross-cultural adaptation, face and content validation and reliability analysis of the Medication Safety Thermometer tool for use in Brazil.

Methods: the process of cross-cultural adaptation and validation followed the stages of translation, synthesis of translations, back-translation, content validation performed by experts, and face validation through pre-testing. Reliability was determined by calculating the Kappa coefficient.

Probability of Target Attainment of Tobramycin Treatment in Acute and Chronic Lung Infection Based on Preclinical Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling.

Biofilms and infectious process may alter free antimicrobial concentrations at the site of infection. Tobramycin (TOB), an aminoglycoside used to treat lung infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, binds to alginate present in biofilm extracellular matrix increasing its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). This work aimed to investigate the impact of biofilm-forming P.

Neural interfaces for regenerated nerve stimulation and recording.

A class of implantable, regeneration-type neural interfaces (NI's) for mammalian peripheral nerve recording and stimulation were developed using different fabrication processes and integrating purposely designed components. A typical NI comprises three main components: 1) a microfabricated silicon die incorporating a microelectrode array on multiple through-holes, 2) a polymer guidance channel housing the die, and 3) a flexible flat cable connecting the die to an external electronic circuitry. The design and fabrication of the NI's were aimed at achieving long term, reliable implants by taking into careful account the biological, electrical, and mechanical requirements of the specific implant site.

Absence of mechanical evidence for attached weakly binding cross-bridges in frog relaxed muscle fibres.

1. Passive force responses to ramp stretches at various velocities were measured in intact and skinned single muscle fibres isolated from the lumbricalis muscle of the frog. Force was measured using a fast capacitance transducer and sarcomere length was measured using a laser light diffraction technique at a point very close to the fixed end so as to avoid effects of fibre inertia.

Development of stiffness precedes cross-bridge attachment during the early tension rise in single frog muscle fibres.

1. Force responses to ramp stretches were recorded in single muscle fibres isolated from the lumbricalis muscle of the frog. Stretches were applied at rest and at progressively increasing times after a single stimulus.