Cervical wear pathobiology by robot-simulated 3-year toothbrushing - New methodological approach.

Objectives: An ex-vivo study was aimed at (i) programming clinically validated robot three-year random toothbrushing, (ii) evaluating cervical macro- and microwear patterns on all tooth groups of different functional age, (iii) documenting and codificating wear related morphological features at the cemento-enamel junction in young teeth and on roots in older teeth.

Design: Following ethical approval random toothbrushing (44 strokes per tooth horizontally, rotating, vertically; 2x/d) with manual toothbrushes and low-abrasive dentifrice was performed in an artificial oral cavity with brushing-force 3.5 N on 14 extracted human teeth.

Impact of manual toothbrush design on plaque removal efficacy.

Background: Effective dental plaque removal is essential for oral health. Different toothbrush parameters including head-size, filament-diameter and interdent-height and different brushing movements like horizontal, rotating and vertical may affect plaque removal efficacy. The purpose of the study was to examine plaque removal efficacy of different design parameters of manual toothbrushes.

Robot and mechanical testing of a specialist manual toothbrush for cleaning efficacy and improved force control.

Background: Toothbrushes require flexibility to access all dental surfaces and remove plaque effectively, but they should also aim to prevent or limit overbrushing and consequent damage to teeth and gums. In two studies, the physical properties and cleaning performance of specialist test toothbrushes with flexible necks were compared to a reference rigid-necked toothbrush.

Methods: In Study 1, a universal testing machine (Instron E 10,000) with a specially designed setup was used to test the deflection behaviour of toothbrush head and neck.

Clinical and Micromorphologic 29-year Results of Posterior Composite Restorations.

Prospective clinical studies of composite restorations revealed their safety and longevity; however, studies did not elucidate the dynamic mechanisms of deterioration caused by fractures and secondary caries. Therefore, the aims of this 29-y controlled study were 1) to follow up on the clinical behavior of posterior composite restorations annually and 2) to compare clinical outcomes with micromorphologic scanning electron microscopy features. After ethical approval, the single-arm study commenced in 1987 with 194 class I or II primary posterior composite restorations with glass ionomer cement providing pulp protection.

Regeneration and Repair in Endodontics-A Special Issue of the Regenerative Endodontics-A New Era in Clinical Endodontics.

Caries is the most common cause of pulp-periapical disease. When the pulp tissue involved in caries becomes irreversibly inflamed and progresses to necrosis, the treatment option is root canal therapy because the infected or non-infected necrotic pulp tissue in the root canal system is not accessible to the host's innate and adaptive immune defense mechanisms and antimicrobial agents. Therefore, the infected or non-infected necrotic pulp tissue must be removed from the canal space by pulpectomy.