Contribution of ultrasound in the management of ballistic nerve injury during the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war.

Purpose: To evaluate the contribution of ultrasound in the management of ballistic peripheral nerve injuries (BPNI).

Methods: Twenty-five Armenian soldiers who sustained BPNI of 44 different nerves during the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War in 2020 benefited from multidisciplinary team management including ultrasound examination.

Results: The injuries affected the upper limb in 17 cases (including 2 bilateral cases), the lower limb in 7 cases and both upper and lower limb in 1 case.

Segmentary exclusion syndrome in hand traumatology - definition, rehabilitation and orthosis.

Background: Segmentary exclusion syndrome is a motor behavioral disorder consisting in non-use or underuse of a limb or limb segment following local inflammation, most often of traumatic origin, primarily affecting the fingers and hand. It can be associated with somatosensory disorder, limitation of range of motion, and pain.

Purpose Of The Study: The objective of this article is to further describe segmentary exclusion syndrome, and to present practical rehabilitation techniques and strategies focused on prevention, assessment and treatment.

ATP-dependent conformational dynamics in a photoactivated adenylate cyclase revealed by fluorescence spectroscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering.

Structural insights into the photoactivated adenylate cyclases can be used to develop new ways of controlling cellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels for optogenetic and other applications. In this work, we use an integrative approach that combines biophysical and structural biology methods to provide insight on the interaction of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) with the dark-adapted state of the photoactivated adenylate cyclase from the cyanobacterium Oscillatoria acuminata (OaPAC). A moderate affinity of the nucleotide for the enzyme was calculated and the thermodynamic parameters of the interaction have been obtained.

A new method for in vivo assessment of corneal transparency using spectral-domain OCT.

Corneal transparency is essential to provide a clear view into and out of the eye, yet clinical means to assess such transparency are extremely limited and usually involve a subjective grading of visible opacities by means of slit-lamp biomicroscopy. Here, we describe an automated algorithm allowing extraction of quantitative corneal transparency parameters with standard clinical spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Our algorithm employs a novel pre-processing procedure to standardize SD-OCT image analysis and to numerically correct common instrumental artifacts before extracting mean intensity stromal-depth (z) profiles over a 6-mm-wide corneal area.