Geographical distribution of the Cryptococcus gattii species complex: a systematic review.

The taxonomy of the Cryptococcus gattii species complex continues to evolve, and has been divided into five pathogenic species. The objective of this systematic review was to summarise the geographical distribution of the C gattii species complex and the species within the C gattii species complex. We searched PubMed for articles related to human, animal, ecological, or laboratory-based studies of C gattii species complex isolates with traceable geographical origin published from January, 1970, until September, 2021.

Cutaneous disseminated sporotrichosis in immunocompetent patient: Case report and literature review.

Sporotrichosis is a global occurring implantation (subcutaneous) mycosis, caused by species, usually affecting the skin and the lymphatic vessels, from where it can disseminate. Nowadays, the vast majority of sporotrichosis infections in Brazil are caused by zoonotic transmission of which is the main etiologic agent. We report a cutaneous disseminated case of this disease, observed in an immunocompetent farmer living in southern Brazil, the -infection was successfully treated with itraconazole.

Successful Allogenic Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients with Inherited CARD9 Deficiency.

Autosomal recessive (AR) CARD9 (caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9) deficiency underlies invasive infections by fungi of the ascomycete phylum in previously healthy individuals at almost any age. Although CARD9 is expressed mostly by myeloid cells, the cellular basis of fungal infections in patients with inherited CARD9 deficiency is unclear. Therapy for fungal infections is challenging, with at least 20% premature mortality.

Extracellular Vesicles as Vehicles for the Delivery of Biologically Active Fungal Molecules.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous structures surrounded by a lipid bilayer required for the export of fungal proteins, lipids, toxins, nucleic acids, pigments, and polysaccharides. Proteomic studies of the content of fungal EVs revealed the presence of molecules involved in cell metabolism, signal transduction, and virulence, among others. EVs are evolutionarily conserved in all three domains of life and play important roles in cell-cell communication.

Molecular Characterization and Antifungal Susceptibility of Clinical Species From Brazil.

is widely distributed in the environment and is involved with plant and animal diseases. In humans, several species and species complexes (SC) are related to fusariosis, i.e.