Impact of insulin storage and syringe reuse on insulin sterility in diabetes mellitus patients in Mwanza Tanzania.

This study evaluated microbial contamination in insulin products used by diabetic patients in Mwanza, Tanzania, focusing on syringe reuse and improper storage practices, such as using clay pots or charcoal and water buckets. Conducted in 2024, this cross-sectional, laboratory-based study collected 81 insulin vials from 51 diabetic patients at Bugando Medical Centre through appointments and home visits. The insulin samples were cultured for microbial growth, and bacteria were identified using in-house biochemical tests.

Dental Care Use Among Children and Adolescents in Medicaid: Associations With State-Level Medicaid Policy Factors and Provider Availability.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the relative strength of association of four state-level factors-Medicaid reimbursement, Medicaid adult dental benefit (MADB) generosity, dentist Medicaid participation, and dentist supply-on individual-level dental care use among children and adolescents in Medicaid.

Methods: This national cross-sectional study used 2018-2019 National Survey of Children's Health data to estimate dental care utilization among children aged 1-17 enrolled in Medicaid. Subgroup analyses were conducted by child age group.

Eculizumab treatment during pregnancy in a patient with AQP4-IgG-seropositive NMOSD: A case report.

Eculizumab proved a strong anti-inflammatory effect in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD), rare autoimmune diseases affecting the central nervous system in which aquaporin 4-immunoglobulin G (AQP4-IgG) is the main pathogenic antibody. Pregnancy in NMOSD patients is considered at high-risk for neurological and gynecological outcomes, requiring a careful consideration about treatment maintenance. In this case report, we describe a successful pregnancy, resulting in the birth of a healthy child, in a young woman with AQP4-IgG-seropositive NMOSD who was maintained on eculizumab during all pregnancy.

Real-world evidence in extensive disease small cell lung cancer: The missing piece of the puzzle.

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive disease, often diagnosed at an advanced stage and with limited treatment options. In recent years, immunotherapy has been approved in combination with chemotherapy in the first line setting of extensive stage disease (ES-SCLC). However, only 10-15 % of patients with ES-SCLC treated with chemoimmunotherapy (CT-IO) experience a long-term benefit.

Etiology and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of bacteria causing pneumonia among adult patients with signs and symptoms of lower respiratory tract infections during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mwanza, Tanzania: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Bacterial pneumonia is among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The extensive misuse and overuse of antibiotics observed during the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may have changed the patterns of pathogens causing bacterial pneumonia and their antibiotic susceptibility profiles. This study was designed to establish the prevalence of culture-confirmed bacterial pneumonia and describe their antimicrobial susceptibility profile in adult patients who presented with signs and symptoms of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) during the COVID-19 pandemic.