Functional attributes of the anterior mesendoderm in patterning the anterior neural structures during head formation in the mouse.

Induction of the neural ectoderm and the patterning of embryonic brain are the requisite organizing activity for head formation. Studies of loss-of-function mouse mutants that displayed a head truncation phenotype pointed to a key functional role of the anterior mesendoderm in anterior neural patterning. In this overview, we highlight the learning of the molecular attributes underpinning the formation of the anterior mesendoderm, the acquisition of ectoderm competence in the epiblast and the patterning of the embryonic brain during gastrulation and neurulation.

Genetics of biliary atresia: Approaches, pathological insights and challenges.

Biliary atresia (BA) is a severe neonatal cholestatic disorder marked by fibro-obliteration of the extrahepatic and intrahepatic bile ducts. It is the most common cause of pediatric end-stage liver disease and the leading indication for liver transplantation in children. There is significant heterogeneity in the etiology, involving various genetic and environmental factors such as viral infection, immune dysregulation and genetic predisposition to defective hepatobiliary development.

Perspective: Multi-omics and Artificial Intelligence for Personalized Nutritional Management of Diabetes in Patients Undergoing Peritoneal Dialysis.

Managing diabetes in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) is challenging due to the combined effects of dietary glucose, glucose from dialysate, and other medical complications. Advances in technology that enable continuous biological data collection are transforming traditional management approaches. This review explores how multi-omics technologies and artificial intelligence (AI) are enhancing glucose management in this patient population.

Overground robotic exoskeleton vs conventional therapy in inpatient stroke rehabilitation: results from a pragmatic, multicentre implementation programme.

Background: Despite the reported efficacy of overground robotic exoskeleton (ORE) for rehabilitation of mobility post-stroke, its effectiveness in real-world practice is still debated. We analysed prospectively collected data from Improving Mobility Via Exoskeleton (IMOVE), a multicentre clinical implementation programme of ORE enrolling participants with various neurological conditions and were given options to choose between 12 sessions of ORE or conventional therapy (control).

Methods: This is analysis of participants under IMOVE who fulfilled the following criteria (i) primary diagnosis was stroke (ischemic, hemorrhagic; first or recurrent), (ii) onset of stroke was within 9 months and (iii) the intervention was during inpatient stay.

Corner Charge Fluctuation as an Observable for Quantum Geometry and Entanglement in Two-Dimensional Insulators.

Measuring bipartite fluctuations of a conserved charge, such as the particle number, is a powerful approach to understanding quantum systems. When the measured region has sharp corners, the bipartite fluctuation receives an additional contribution known to exhibit a universal angle dependence in 2D isotropic and uniform systems. Here we establish that, for generic lattice systems of interacting particles, the corner charge fluctuation is directly related to quantum geometry.