Bacteria-Produced Algicide for Field Control of Toxic Dinoflagellates Does Not Cause a Cortisol Stress Response in Two Estuarine Fish Species.

Application of algicides produced by naturally occurring bacteria is considered an environmentally friendly approach to control harmful algal blooms. However, few studies assess the effects of bacterial algicides on non-target species, either independently or with other stressors. Here, we measured sub-lethal effects of dinoflagellate-specific algicide IRI-160AA on the estuarine fish Fundulus heteroclitus and Menidia menidia in laboratory experiments.

Analysis of nuclear receptor expression in head and neck cancer.

Objective: Studies of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC) have demonstrated the importance of nuclear receptors and their associated coregulators in the development and treatment of HNSCC. We sought to characterize members of the nuclear receptor super family through interrogation of RNA-Seq and microarray data.

Materials And Methods: TCGA RNA-Seq data within the cBioportal platform comparing HNSCC samples (n = 515 patients with RNA-Seq data) to normal tissue (n = 82 patients) was interrogated for significant differences in nuclear receptor expression.

Exactly defined molecular weight poly(ethylene glycol) allows for facile identification of PEGylation sites on proteins.

PEGylation (the covalent attachment of one or more poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) units to a therapeutic) is a well-established technique in the pharmaceutical industry to increase blood-residence time and decrease immunogenicity. A challenging aspect of PEGylation is the dispersity of PEGylation agents, which results in batch-to-batch variations and analytical limitations. Herein, we present an approach to overcome these limitations by manufacturing a defined molecular weight (dispersity-free) PEGylation agent.

Antioxidant Therapies in the Treatment of Aminoglycoside-Induced Ototoxicity: A Meta-Analysis.

Objective: A feared complication of aminoglycoside treatment is ototoxicity, which is theorized to be attributed to the production of aminoglycoside-induced reactive oxygen species. Previous studies using animal models have suggested that numerous therapies targeting reducing oxidative stress may prevent ototoxicity from aminoglycosides. However, few clinical studies have been conducted on these antioxidants.

Inequality in agricultural greenhouse gas emissions intensity has risen in rural China from 1993 to 2020.

Reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in crop production while ensuring emission equity is crucial for sustainable agriculture in China, yet long-term large-scale data on GHG emissions intensity (GEI) are limited. Using an extensive dataset based on surveyed farm households (n > 430,000 households) from 1993 to 2020, we reveal that 2015 was a turning point for GEI levels, which dropped 16% in 2020, while inequality-measured as average GHG emissions per unit planted area-increased 13%. The key driving forces behind such trends included farmland input, all other inputs, agricultural labour input and total factor productivity but not capital input.