Individualized Glycemic Goals and an Expanded Classification of Severe Hypoglycemia in Diabetes.

The view that a hemoglobin A (A1C) level <7% (55 mmol/mol) is the accepted glycemic goal for most people with diabetes sometimes conflicts with the view that glycemic goals should be individualized and, thus, that somewhat higher A1C levels are appropriate for some, particularly many at risk for iatrogenic hypoglycemia because of treatment with insulin, a sulfonylurea, or a glinide. The relationship between A1C and chronic complications of diabetes is curvilinear, A1C is a relatively weak predictor of cardiovascular disease, and minor elevations of A1C above 7% have not been found to be associated with increased mortality. Iatrogenic hypoglycemia causes recurrent morbidity in diabetes and is sometimes fatal.

Dissociation Between Hormonal Counterregulatory Responses and Cerebral Glucose Metabolism During Hypoglycemia.

Hypoglycemia is the most common complication of diabetes, causing morbidity and death. Recurrent hypoglycemia alters the cascade of physiological and behavioral responses that maintain euglycemia. The extent to which these responses are normally triggered by decreased whole-brain cerebral glucose metabolism (CMR) has not been resolved by previous studies.

Effect of a contact monitoring system with immediate visual feedback on hand hygiene compliance.

Background: Hand hygiene compliance is traditionally monitored by visual methods that are open to bias and strictly limited in time and place. Automatic monitoring may be more effective for infection control as well as performance management.

Aim: To establish accuracy and acceptability of an automatic contact monitoring system for hand hygiene.