Exploring essential tremor: Results from a large online survey.

Introduction: Essential tremor (ET) is one of the most common movement disorders; however, many patients are misdiagnosed and do not receive effective treatment. It is important to better understand the diagnosis, symptoms and treatment patterns to improve care for those with ET.

Methods: Persons in the International Essential Tremor Foundation database were invited to complete an online survey, focusing on symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of ET.

Association of Formulary Exclusions and Restrictions for Opioid Alternatives With Opioid Prescribing Among Medicare Beneficiaries.

Importance: Although there are many pharmacologic alternatives to opioids, it is unclear whether the structure of Medicare Part D formularies discourages use of the alternatives.

Objectives: To quantify the coverage of opioid alternatives and prevalence of prior authorization, step therapy, quantity limits, and tier placement for these drugs, and test whether these formulary exclusions and restrictions are associated with increased opioid prescribing to older adults at the county level.

Design, Setting, And Participants: County fixed-effect models were estimated using a panel of counties across the 50 US states and the District of Columbia over calendar years 2015 and 2016.

Measuring Mass-Based Hygroscopicity of Atmospheric Particles through in Situ Imaging.

Quantifying how atmospheric particles interact with water vapor is critical for understanding the effects of aerosols on climate. We present a novel method to measure the mass-based hygroscopicity of particles while characterizing their elemental and carbon functional group compositions. Since mass-based hygroscopicity is insensitive to particle geometry, it is advantageous for probing the hygroscopic behavior of atmospheric particles, which can have irregular morphologies.

Surgical, oncologic, and cosmetic differences between oncoplastic and nononcoplastic breast conserving surgery in breast cancer patients.

Background: There is a lack of information regarding the safety, complication rate, and cosmetic outcome of oncoplastic breast conserving surgery. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare oncoplastic and nononcoplastic procedures.

Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of patients treated with oncoplastic or nononcoplastic lumpectomies.

Monitoring energy balance: metabolites of fatty acid synthesis as hypothalamic sensors.

Because energy balance is important for survival, a system is required to monitor energy status and to make appropriate adjustments in energy intake and energy expenditure. In higher animals, a centrally located system has evolved to accomplish this task. When caloric intake exceeds expenditure, the surplus is channeled into energy storage pathways, primarily the synthesis of fatty acids, which are converted into fat and stored in adipose tissue.