A short-cut methodology for the spatial assessment of the biochemical river quality.

The deterioration of superficial water quality is a significant concern in water management. Currently, most European rivers do not achieve qualitative standards defined by Directive 2000/60/EC (Water Framework Directive, WFD), while the health status of many surface water bodies remains unknown. Within this context, we propose a new methodology to perform a semi-quantitative analysis of the pressure state of a river, starting from easily accessible data related to anthropic activities.

Introduction of continuous regional analgesia via wound catheters in a peripheral hospital.

Purpose: To review the effectiveness of continuous regional analgesia (CRA) via wound catheters after abdominal surgery in a district general hospital (Wanganui, New Zealand).

Methods: Retrospective review of postoperative analgesia after CRA via wound catheters was introduced (April 2008 to December 2008). Pain scores, HDU stay, opiate use and complications were recorded.