Restoring neuronal chloride extrusion reverses cognitive decline linked to Alzheimer's disease mutations.

Disinhibition during early stages of Alzheimer's disease is postulated to cause network dysfunction and hyperexcitability leading to cognitive deficits. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unknown. Here we show that, in mouse lines carrying Alzheimer's disease-related mutations, a loss of neuronal membrane potassium-chloride cotransporter KCC2, responsible for maintaining the robustness of GABAA-mediated inhibition, occurs pre-symptomatically in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.

Evaluation of an overnight non-culture test for detection of viable Gram-negative bacteria in endoscope channels.

 Prevention of infection transmission from contaminated endoscopes would benefit from a rapid test that could detect low levels of viable bacteria after high level disinfection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the rapid NOW! (RN) test's ability to detect endoscope contamination. The RN test kit and the accompanying fluorometer were evaluated.

Impact of cleaning monitoring combined with channel purge storage on elimination of Escherichia coli and environmental bacteria from duodenoscopes.

Background And Aims: We aimed to determine whether monitoring of duodenoscope cleaning by rapid adenosine triphosphate (ATP) combined with channel-purge storage could eliminate high-concern microorganisms.

Methods: In a simulated-use study, suction channels, as well as lever recesses, from 2 duodenoscopes models and the unsealed elevator guidewire (EGW) channel from 1 of these 2 duodenoscopes (the other model has a sealed EGW) were perfused with ATS2015 containing approximately 8 Log colony-forming units (CFU)/mL of both Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli. Pump-assisted cleaning was monitored by rapid ATP testing.

A Randomized Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial to Determine the Impact of Digestion Resistant Starch on Glucose, Insulin, and Insulin Resistance in Elderly and Mid-Age Adults.

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has reached epidemic proportions in North America. Recent evidence suggests that prebiotics can modulate the gut microbiome, which then plays an important role in regulating lipid metabolism, blood glucose, and insulin sensitivity. As such, prebiotics are appealing potential therapeutic strategies for prediabetes and T2D.

Sterile Reverse Osmosis Water Combined with Friction Are Optimal for Channel and Lever Cavity Sample Collection of Flexible Duodenoscopes.

Introduction: Simulated-use buildup biofilm (BBF) model was used to assess various extraction fluids and friction methods to determine the optimal sample collection method for polytetrafluorethylene channels. In addition, simulated-use testing was performed for the channel and lever cavity of duodenoscopes.

Materials And Methods: BBF was formed in polytetrafluorethylene channels using , and .