Photoinduced Current Transient Spectroscopy on Metal Halide Perovskites: Electron Trapping and Ion Drift.

Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) are disruptive materials for a vast class of optoelectronic devices. The presence of electronic trap states has been a tough challenge in terms of characterization and thus mitigation. Many attempts based on electronic spectroscopies have been tested, but due to the mixed electronic-ionic nature of MHP conductivity, many experimental results retain a large ambiguity in resolving electronic and ionic charge contributions.

Distribution of Relaxation Times Based on Lasso Regression: A Tool for High-Resolution Analysis of IMPS Data in Photoelectrochemical Systems.

Intensity-modulated photocurrent spectroscopy (IMPS) has been largely employed in semiconductor characterization for solar energy conversion devices to probe the operando behavior with widely available facilities. However, the implementation of IMPS data analysis to complex structures, whether based on the physical rate constant model (RCM) or the assumption-free distribution of relaxation times (DRT), is generally limited to a semi-quantitative description of the charge carrier kinetics of the system. In this study, a new algorithm for the analysis of IMPS data is developed, providing unprecedented time resolution to the investigation of μs to s charge carrier dynamics in semiconductor-based systems used in photoelectrochemistry and photovoltaics.

Multi-Electron Transfer at H-Terminated p-Si Electrolyte Interfaces: Large Photovoltages under Inversion Conditions.

Photovoltages for hydrogen-terminated p-Si(111) in an acetonitrile electrolyte were quantified with methyl viologen [1,1'-(CH)-4,4'-bipyridinium](PF), abbreviated MV, and [Ru(bpy)](PF), where bpy is 2,2'-bipyridine, that respectively undergo two and three one-electron transfer reductions. The reduction potentials, °, of the two MV reductions occurred at energies within the forbidden bandgap, while the three [Ru(bpy)] reductions occurred within the continuum of conduction band states. Bandgap illumination resulted in reduction that was more positive than that measured with a degenerately doped n-Si demonstrative of a photovoltage, , that increased in the order MV (260 mV) < MV (400 mV) < Ru (530 mV) ∼ Ru (540 mV) ∼ Ru (550 mV).

Diarrhoea in irradiated patients: a prospective multicentre observational study.

Aims: To determine the incidence of cancer treatment-induced diarrhoea in patients submitted to irradiation.

Methods: Forty-five Italian radiation oncology departments took part in this prospective observational study and a total of 1020 patients were enrolled. The accrual lasted three consecutive weeks; evaluation was based on diary cards filled in daily by patients during radiotherapy and one week after cessation.

A prospective observational trial on emesis in radiotherapy: analysis of 1020 patients recruited in 45 Italian radiation oncology centres.

Purpose: A prospective observational multicentre trial was carried out to assess the incidence, pattern, and prognostic factors of radiation-induced emesis (RIE), and to evaluate the use of antiemetic drugs in patients treated with radiotherapy or concomitant radio-chemotherapy. The application in clinical practice of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer guidelines was also studied.

Materials And Methods: Forty-five Italian radiation oncology centres took part in this trial.