Publications by authors named "P David Randall"
Objective: Neural tube defects (NTD) are serious, life-threatening birth defects. Staple food fortification with folic acid (vitamin B) is a proven, effective intervention to reduce NTD birth prevalence. Mandatory food fortification with folic acid was implemented in South Africa (SA) in 2003.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAim: To systematically review and synthesise qualitative research on nurses' experiences of speaking up in various contexts and to identify factors facilitating or impeding such a behaviour.
Design: This review was conducted as a qualitative metasynthesis, utilising the qualitative meta-ethnography approach.
Methods: A total of 6250 articles were screened.
Article Synopsis
- Tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) is a common form of tuberculosis outside the lungs, but current diagnostic methods like Xpert Ultra are not very effective, with a sensitivity of around 30%.
- A study in South Africa and India tested a new quick diagnostic method called IRISA-TB, comparing it against other assays and examining biopsy samples for TB confirmation.
- Results showed IRISA-TB had significantly better sensitivity (81.8%) and negative predictive value than Xpert Ultra and also outperformed other methods, indicating it could be a more reliable diagnostic tool for TPE.
Background: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) mortality is high and current diagnostics perform suboptimally. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of a DNA-based assay (GeneXpert Ultra) against a new same-day immunodiagnostic assay that detects unstimulated interferon-gamma (IRISA-TB).
Methods: In a stage 1 evaluation, IRISA-TB was evaluated in biobanked samples from Zambia (n = 82; tuberculosis [TB] and non-TBM), and specificity in a South African biobank (n = 291; non-TBM only).
Although alcohol and nicotine are two of the most commonly co-used drugs with upwards of 90% of adults with an alcohol use disorder (AUD) in the US also smoking, we don't tend to study alcohol and nicotine use this way. The current studies sought to develop and assess a novel alcohol + nicotine co-access self-administration (SA) model in adult male and female Long-Evans rats. Further, both drugs are implicated in neuroimmune function, albeit in largely opposing ways.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF