Large variation in radiation dose for routine abdomen CT: reasons for excess and easy tips for reduction.

Objective: To characterize the use and impact of radiation dose reduction techniques in actual practice for routine abdomen CT.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed consecutive routine abdomen CT scans in adults from a large dose registry, contributed by 95 hospitals and imaging facilities. Grouping exams into deciles by, first, patient size, and second, size-adjusted dose length product (DLP), we summarized dose and technical parameters and estimated which parameters contributed most to between-protocols dose variation.

Diagnostic reference levels and median doses for common clinical indications of CT: findings from an international registry.

Ob Jectives: The European Society of Radiology identified 10 common indications for computed tomography (CT) as part of the European Study on Clinical Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRLs, EUCLID), to help standardize radiation doses. The objective of this study is to generate DRLs and median doses for these indications using data from the UCSF CT International Dose Registry.

Methods: Standardized data on 3.

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Single-Component and Multicomponent Interventions for Reducing Radiation Doses in Patients Undergoing Computed Tomography: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Computed tomography (CT) radiation doses vary across institutions and are often higher than needed.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of 2 interventions to reduce radiation doses in patients undergoing CT.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This randomized clinical trial included 864 080 adults older than 18 years who underwent CT of the abdomen, chest, combined abdomen and chest, or head at 100 facilities in 6 countries from November 1, 2015, to September 21, 2017.

Hemodialysis Tunneled Catheter Noninfectious Complications.

Noninfectious hemodialysis catheter complications include catheter dysfunction, catheter-related thrombus, and central vein stenosis. The definitions, causes, and treatment strategies for catheter dysfunction are reviewed below. Catheter-related thrombus is a less common but serious complication of catheters, requiring catheter removal and systemic anticoagulation.

Temperature distribution in dental tissue after interaction with femtosecond laser pulses.

Algebraic and numerical solutions are presented of the temperature rise in dental tissue due to interaction with ultrashort optical radiation. Results of the studies with femtosecond laser pulses show agreement between theory and experiment. A temperature rise of typically 5 K is found for a 40 millisecond train of 7 nJ, 70 fs laser pulses at a repetition rate of 80 MHz.