Moisture soft sensor for agitated pan dryers using a hybrid modeling approach.

A hybrid soft sensor model is developed to provide real-time estimations of the moisture content in the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) wet cake for an agitated pan drying process. The soft sensor is calibrated using data from 5 batches. The estimation accuracy of the soft sensor is demonstrated with additional 21 commercial scale batches.

Probing the periplasmic-open state of lactose permease in response to sugar binding and proton translocation.

Based on the crystal structure of lactose permease (LacY) open to the cytoplasm, a hybrid molecular simulation approach with self-guided Langevin dynamics is used to describe conformational changes that lead to a periplasmic-open state. This hybrid approach consists of implicit (IM) and explicit (EX) membrane simulations and requires self-guided Langevin dynamics to enhance protein motions during the IM simulations. The pore radius of the lumen increases by 3.