Synthesis of ethylenediamine modified chitosan microspheres for removal of divalent and hexavalent ions.

Ethylenediamine modified chitosan was obtained in the form of microspheres by chemical crosslinking with gluteraldehyde and evaluated for the effective removal of metal ions. The present modification results in additional nitrogen centers which function as potential binding sites and the microsphere form enhances the specific surface area during adsorption of metal ions. The adsorbent was used in batch experiments to evaluate the adsorption of Cu(II), Zn(II), Pb(II) and Cr(VI) in a individual metal salt solutions.

Synthesis of ethylenediamine modified chitosan and evaluation for removal of divalent metal ions.

Selective modification of chitosan has been achieved by incorporating ethylene-1,2-diamine molecule in a regioselective manner using N-phthaloylchitosan and chloro-6-deoxy N-phthaloylchitosan as precursors. The present modification results in additional nitrogen centres which function as potential binding sites during adsorption of metal ions. The derivative ethylene-1,2-diamine-6-deoxy-chitosan and its pthaloylated precursor have been evaluated for divalent metal ion removal.

Preparation of substituted quaternized arylfuran chitosan derivatives and their antimicrobial activity.

Heterocyclic modification of chitosan has been achieved through the formation of a Schiff base intermediate by the reaction of chitosan with substituted arylfurfural. The Schiff bases were further reacted with 10% sodium borohydride followed by reaction with methyl iodide to get the quaternized products. The formation of the Schiff bases and quaternized derivatives has been confirmed by elemental analysis, FTIR, (1)H NMR and UV-vis spectroscopy.

Morphological analysis and morphometry of the foramen magnum: an anatomical investigation.

Aim: The objectives were to study the morphology of the foramen magnum in dry skulls and to evaluate its antero-posterior diameter, transverse diameter and the foramen magnum index.

Material And Methods: The foramen magna of 53 dry human cadaver skulls that were obtained from the neuroanatomy laboratory were examined. Different shapes of the foramen magnum were macroscopically noted and classified.

Clinically oriented morphometric study of medial and lateral menisci of the knee joint in adult cadavers.

Purpose: The objective was to analyze the peripheral and inner border lengths of the medial and lateral menisci and the distance between anterior and posterior horns.

Materials And Methods: The menisci from 23 adult knee joints (46 menisci) of the formalin fixed cadaver lower limbs were used. The peripheral and inner borer lengths of the menisci were measured with a non elastic cotton thread and the distance between the horns were measured with the vernier caliper of 0.