Downregulation of the keratins CK13 and CK14 does not significantly affect cell viability of human urinary bladder carcinoma cells.

Introduction: Bladder cancer is the ninth most common tumour entity worldwide. Aberrant expression of different keratins has been described in bladder cancer, which is used for diagnostic purposes, but it can also have prognostic value. However, not all keratins have been analysed in bladder cancer, and whether keratins are important for cell viability of bladder cancer tumour cells is not yet known.

Bilateral cranioorbital foramina (Hyrtl foramina): crucial anatomical findings in the management of giant olfactory groove meningioma - a case report and literature review.

Presence of bilateral cranio-orbital foramina, AKA Hyrtl foramina is rare yet existing. They carry the risks of retinal artery emboli due to reflux embolization for the neurovascular interventionalists, navigating complexities in olfactory groove meningioma management. A 59-year-old woman with progressive frontal lobe syndrome presented a large olfactory groove meningioma primarily supplied by bilateral sphenopalatine arteries together with bilateral anterior cerebral arteries, necessitating risky preoperative embolization and meticulous resection.

Characterization of Pleural Mesothelioma by Hierarchical Clustering Analyses Using Immune Cells within Tumor Microenvironment.

Introduction: Over the past decade, classifications using immune cell infiltration have been applied to many types of tumors; however, mesotheliomas have been less frequently evaluated.

Methods: In this study, 60 well-characterized pleural mesotheliomas (PMs) were evaluated immunohistochemically for the characteristics of immune cells within tumor microenvironment (TME) using 10 immunohistochemical markers: CD3, CD4, CD8, CD56, CD68, CD163, FOXP3, CD27, PD-1, and TIM-3. For further characterization of PMs, hierarchical clustering analyses using these 10 markers were performed.

Utility of Immunohistochemistry With Antibodies to SS18-SSX Chimeric Proteins and C-Terminus of SSX Protein for Synovial Sarcoma Differential Diagnosis.

Synovial sarcoma is a relatively common soft tissue tumor characterized by highly specific t(X;18)(p11;q11) translocation resulting in the fusion of SS18 with members of SSX gene family. Typically, detection of SS18 locus rearrangement by fluorescence in situ hybridization or SS18 :: SSX fusion transcripts confirms the diagnosis. More recently, immunohistochemistry (IHC) for SS18-SSX chimeric protein (E9X9V) and C-terminus of SSX (E5A2C) showed high specificity and sensitivity for synovial sarcoma.