Comparison of TFII-I gene family members deleted in Williams-Beuren syndrome.

Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS) is a neurological disorder resulting from a microdeletion, typically 1.5 megabases in size, at 7q11.23.

Frequency of newborn behaviours associated with neonatal abstinence syndrome: a hospital-based study.

Objectives: To determine the frequency of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) among unselected term newborns, using newborn behaviour data only.

Methods: This hospital-based prospective exploratory study used clinical observations of newborn behaviours, mothers' observations of their newborns, and newborn chart data to determine the prevalence of suspected and confirmed cases of NAS in a convenience sample of unselected term newborns "rooming in" with their mothers in a large central city acute-care referral hospital. Over a 4-month period, 824 out of 1008 newborns were observed at between 8 and 30 hours of life by specially trained nurse observers.

Wound cleansing: the evidence for the techniques and solutions used.

Nurses are constantly urged to back up their practice with research-based evidence. In the field of tissue viability and wound cleansing, however, it can be difficult to evaluate the research and expert opinion published. In this paper, the authors summarise the evidence on wound cleansing techniques, choice of equipment and cleansing agents in the ward setting.

Activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases by endothelin and noradrenaline in small arteries, regulation by calcium influx and tyrosine kinases, and their role in contraction.

Small-artery responses to vasoconstrictor agonists are important for vascular function. To investigate the signaling pathways involved in contraction, we studied the activation and regulation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38MAPKs) and heat shock protein (HSP) kinase by endothelin and noradrenaline in rat mesenteric arteries. Both vasoconstrictors activated p38alpha and/or p38beta but not p38gamma or p38delta, leading to increased HSP kinase activity.