Metal implants in children.

Background: Metal implants are increasingly used in children for trauma and deformity correction. This review outlines the current knowledge on the types of metals used and explores reasons for removal and the potential for long-term health issues of metal implants.

Methods: The literature pertaining to these aspects was studied and summarised in this review.

Return to sport after forearm fractures in children: A scoping review and survey.

Purpose: A common question faced by clinicians is when a child may return to sport after treatment for a pediatric forearm fracture. There are few published recommendations and fewer supported by evidence. The aims of this study were to summarize existing published recommendation for return to sport after pediatric forearm fractures and to conduct a survey to determine usual clinical recommendations.

Persistently Raised Serum Titanium Levels After Spinal Instrumentation in Children.

Study Design: Prospective study of patients undergoing elective spinal deformity surgery with repeated testing for circulating metal ions including preoperative levels acting as controls.

Objective: The aim was to determine if levels of particular circulating metal ions are maintained to two years postsurgery including different implant systems and rods.

Summary Of Background Data: Adults having hip replacements, especially metal-on-metal bearings, may develop high metal ion levels.

Interobserver and Intraobserver Reliability in the Salter Classification of Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head in Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip.

Background: Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head is a concerning complication that can result from treatments for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). AVN can lead to degenerative osteoarthritis, persistent acetabular dysplasia, reduced function, and continuing hip pain. The incidence of AVN reported in the DDH literature is widely varied (0% to 73%).