Interspecies comparison of three moss species (Hylocomium splendens, Pleurozium schreberi, and Isothecium stoloniferum) as biomonitors of trace element deposition.

Biomonitoring with mosses is a common method widely used to assess the spatial and temporal trends of atmospheric deposition in Europe since its introduction in the 1970s. Based on previous investigations, certain moss species provide the most accurate reflection of atmospheric deposition. However, sampling of just one species across large areas can pose a challenge, therefore the ability to use multiple moss species interchangeably is integral to an effective moss biomonitoring survey.

Human services, professionals and the paradox of institutional reform.

The inadequacies and injustices of human services and their resistance to reform are generally attributed to the vested interests of the professions and bureaucracies that control them. We look beyond these factors to the beliefs that underly them. We argue that the dominance of professionals and bureaucratic organization in human services is perpetuated by the belief that the social problems of mass society can be solved best by science in the form of professional expertise and by "scientific management" in the form of bureaucratic organization of services.