Functional implications of the exon 9 splice insert in GluK1 kainate receptors.

Kainate receptors are key modulators of synaptic transmission and plasticity in the central nervous system. Different kainate receptor isoforms with distinct spatiotemporal expressions have been identified in the brain. The GluK1-1 splice variant receptors, which are abundant in the adult brain, have an extra fifteen amino acids inserted in the amino-terminal domain (ATD) of the receptor resulting from alternative splicing of exon 9.

Dose-response of localized renal cell carcinoma after stereotactic body radiation therapy: A meta-analysis.

Background: Stereotactic ablative radiation therapy (SBRT) is an emerging treatment option for primary renal cell carcinoma (RCC), particularly in patients who are unsuitable for surgery. The aim of this review is to assess the effect of increasing the biologically equivalent dose (BED) via various radiation fractionation regimens on clinical outcomes.

Methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed (Medline), EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library for studies published up to October 2023.

Controlled synthesis of monodispersed ZnSe microspheres for enhanced photo-catalytic application and its corroboration using density functional theory.

The present work reports enhanced photocatalytic performance of highly crystalline, monodisperse ZnSe microspheres, synthesized by the size-selective, ETDA-assisted hydrothermal method. Systematic studies on time-dependent reaction kinetics and growth parameters indicate dependency of morphology and crystal structure on the volume % of EDTA and dependency of size on the volume % of hydrazine hydrate for ZnSe microspheres. X-ray diffraction studies confirm highly crystalline cubic zinc blende crystal structure with crystallite size in the range of 10-15 nm.

Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease therapies in the clinic.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases, affecting millions and costing billions each year in the United States alone. Despite tremendous progress in developing therapeutics that manage the symptoms of these two diseases, the scientific community has yet to develop a treatment that effectively slows down, inhibits, or cures neurodegeneration. To gain a better understanding of the current therapeutic frontier for the treatment of AD and PD, we provide a review on past and present therapeutic strategies for these two major neurodegenerative disorders in the clinical trial process.