Differential modulation of Nav1.7 and Nav1.8 peripheral nerve sodium channels by the local anesthetic lidocaine.

1 Voltage-gated Na+ channels are transmembrane proteins that are essential for the propagation of action potentials in excitable cells. Nav1.7 and Nav1.

Objectives, design and recruitment of a familial and longitudinal cohort for studying gene-environment interactions in the field of cardiovascular risk: the Stanislas cohort.

The main objective of the Stanislas cohort is to study the role and the contribution of genetic and environmental factors to cardiovascular status. We plan: a) to describe the degree of association of a large number of cardiovascular risk indicators with cardiovascular endpoints, b) to evaluate the contribution of genetic and that of environmental factors to this association, c) to follow the evolution of these risk indicators during a period of at least ten years, d) to search for the determinants influencing this evolution. The principal variables studied are: a) blood pressure, cardiac mass, and wall thickness of carotid and femoral arteries, b) obesity and fat mass, c) indicators of lipid metabolism, d) genetic polymorphisms of several cardiovascular risk candidate genes, e) food, tobacco and alcohol consumption, f) consumption of drugs and anti-oxidant vitamins.

Impairment by covalent modification of the ability of Phaseolus vulgaris phytohemagglutinin to stimulate cultured human lymphocytes: a comparison of different forms of covalent modification.

Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) isolated from Phaseolus vulgaris has been modified by treatment with various chemical reagents and the modified proteins have been tested for their ability to stimulate peripheral lymphocytes from two healthy human donors, in vitro. Reaction of PHA with citraconic anhydride, S-methyl isothiourea, or 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl bromide produced derivatives which retained the ability to stimulate lymphocytes, at low concentrations. Acylation of the lectin with acetic anhydride or masking of the carboxyl side chains by reaction with glycinamide-carbodiimide impaired stimulation.