Review of Albanian studies suggests the need for further efforts to counteract significant hepatitis B virus prevalence.

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is categorized as one of the smallest enveloped DNA viruses and is the prototypical virus of the Hepatoviridae family. It is usually transmitted through body fluids such as blood, semen, and vaginal secretions. The majority (more than 95%) of immunocompetent adults infected with HBV spontaneously clear the infection.

Sequence of events leading to primary biliary cholangitis.

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic cholestatic liver disease that is observed more frequently in middle-aged women. This disorder is considered an autoimmune disease, since liver injury is sustained by the presence of self-directed antimitochondrial antibodies targeting the bile duct cells. The prognosis may vary depending on an early diagnosis and response to therapy.

Amyand's hernia with acute phlegmonous appendicitis: case report.

Any inguinal hernia containing the vermiform appendix is called Amyand's hernia. Amyand hernias are very rare and even rarer is the association of Amyand hernia with acute appendicitis. Due to the rarity of this entity, it constitutes a challenging case in terms of diagnosis and treatment.

Can Longo stapled haemorrhoidopexy for haemorroids be a day-case procedure?

We retrospectively collected data of 100 consecutives elective Longo's procedures for third- and fourth-degree simptomatic haemorroids, classified ASA grade I and II. All patients stayed overnight, because discharge was scheduled the day after the operation. 98 were discharged the day after the operation.

Utility of continuous intraoperative neural monitoring in thyroid surgery in a low volume centre.

This retrospective study, of a single surgeon's experience, evaluates the role of intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) for total thyroidectomy, in a low-volume district general hospital. 128 patients with normal preoperative vocal fold function underwent thyroid surgery with routine use of nerve monitoring. Patients were followed for 6 months after surgery, and postoperative Romanerve function was determined by fiberoptic laryngoscopy.