Evaluating the readiness for river barrier removal: A scoping review under the EU nature restoration law.

The European Union's Biodiversity Strategy 2030, reinforced by the new Nature Restoration Law, targets restoring a minimum of 25,000 km of 'free-flowing rivers' by 2030. Central to this endeavor is the imperative to restore natural longitudinal and lateral connectivity of rivers and floodplains. Focused on scrutinizing data, methods, and tools employed in published studies from 2000 to 2023, our literature review reveals both encouraging developments and significant challenges at pan-European and regional scales to prioritize barriers for removal.

Mentalization Psychotherapy for Patients Presenting with a Psychotic Personality Structure: A Contemporary Approach.

Overt psychotic symptoms, currently understood as resulting from both neurobiological and developmental etiological factors, are also associated with deficits in mentalization in a subgroup of patients presenting with psychotic personality structure. Neurodevelopmental and traumatic impairments seen in this subtype of psychotic disorders create a pressure or need for what has been called a transformational mentalizing process. This specific form of mental elaboration focuses explicitly on finding words and images that help patients to grasp their emotional and mental states.

Assessing Psychodynamic Conflict.

Psychodynamic psychotherapies suggest that symptomatic relief is provided, in part, with the resolution of psychic conflicts. Clinical researchers have used innovative methods to investigate such phenomenon. This article aims to review the literature on quantitative psychodynamic conflict rating scales.

Pegylation improves the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of small-molecule drugs hydrolyzable by esterases: a study of phospho-Ibuprofen.

Esterase hydrolysis of drugs can accelerate their elimination, thereby limiting their efficacy. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) covalently attached to drugs (pegylation) is known to improve the efficiency of many drugs. Using as a test agent the novel phospho-ibuprofen (PI), we examined whether pegylation of PI could abrogate its hydrolytic degradation by esterases; PI, known to inhibit colon cancer growth, has a carboxylic ester hydrolyzable by carboxylesterases (CES).

Research and development in drug innovation: reflections from the 2013 bioeconomy conference in China, lessons learned and future perspectives.

The enormous progress biotechnology, bioinformatics and nanotechnology made in recent years provides opportunities and scientific framework for development of biomedicine and constitutes a paradigm shift in pharmaceutical R&D and drug innovation. By analyzing the data and related information at R&D level over the past decades, developmental tendency and R&D patterns were summarized. We found that a growing number of biologics in the pipeline of pharma companies with successful products already in the market though, small molecular entities have primarily dominated drug innovation.