Substance use among trans and gender diverse young people in Australia: Patterns, correlates and motivations.

Introduction: There is a dire paucity of research into the burden, correlates and motives of substance use among trans young people in Australia.

Method: Using data from a national survey of Australian trans young people (N = 859, M = 19.4), we estimated prevalence of past 6-month substance use (tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, other drugs) and lifetime substance use disorder diagnoses.

Site matters: site-specific factors control phosphorus retention in buffer strip soils under concentrated field runoff.

Soil erosion from agricultural fields is a persistent ecological problem, potentially leading to eutrophication of aquatic habitats in the catchment area. Often used and recommended mitigation measures are vegetated filter strips (VFS) as buffer zones between arable land and water bodies. However, if they are designed and managed poorly, nutrients - especially phosphorus (P) - may accumulate in the soil.

Retrospective Examination of Peripubertal Return for Patients of Western Australia's Gender Diversity Service.

Children far in advance of pubertal development may be deferred from further assessment for gender-affirming medical treatment until nearer puberty. It is vital that returning peripubertal patients are seen promptly to ensure time-sensitive assessment and provision of puberty suppression treatment where appropriate. This study investigates (1) how many referrals to the Child and Adolescent Health Service Gender Diversity Service at Perth Children's Hospital are deferred due to prepubertal status; and (2) how many deferred patients return peripubertally.